试 卷 一 Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Example: You will hear:
You will read: A） 2 hours B） 3 hours C） 4 hours D） 5 hours From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D)“5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]
1. A) Swimming. B) Playing tennis. C) Boating. D) Playing table tennis. 2. A) She is going to Finland. B) She has visitors next week.
C) She has guests at her home. D) She has just visited him this week.
3. A) Get some coins at the cafe. B) Buy her a cup of coffee at the cafe.
C) Get some coffee from the machine. D) Try to fix the machine.
4. A) They spent three hundred dollars on their vacation.
B) They drew more money than they should have from the bank.
C) They lost their bankbook.
D) They had only three hundred dollars in the bank.
5. A) To find out her position in the company.
B) To apply for a job.
C) To offer her a position in the company.
D) To make an appointment with the sales manager.
6. A) He is surprised. B) He feels very happy.
C) He is indifferent. D) He feels very angry.
7. A) He hasn’t cleaned his room since Linda visited him.
B) Linda is the only person who ever comes to see him.
C) He’s been too busy to clean his room.
D) Cleaning is the last thing he wants to do.
8. A) She is a generous woman by nature.
B) It doesn’t have a back cover.
C) She feels the man’s apology is enough.
D) It is no longer of any use to her.
9. A) To remind him of the data he should take to the conference.
B) To see if he is ready for the coming conference.
C) To tell him something about the conference.
D) To help him prepare for the conference.
10. A) The long wait.
B) The broken down computer.
C) The mistakes in her telephone bill.
D) The bad telephone service.
Section B Compound Dictation Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Internet, E-mail and similar electronic connections offer a far wider ground for scholarly communication, because a researcher can post the beginnings of a theory, receive comments on it from peers, incorporate new ideas and alter the details over and over until it is right. Electronic networks enable scholarly publishing to imitate the intellectual process more closely. The unit of transaction will become the idea, not just a collection of articles.
This dynamic, fluid progression of an idea — which is known as “scholarly skywriting” — is possible, Harnad says, because the speed and reach of electronic messaging “more closely match the natural biological speed of human thought.” When he writes a paper, says Harnad, he is able instantly to incorporate the forces of the Net into the creative process. In one part of his computer will be E-mailed comments from colleagues, in another will be his own notes, in yet another his previous papers — and at any time, he can launch into the Net to find a new resource or paper, send off a thought to a commentator or ask a question, all as if they were in the same room. This new form of scholarship could cause problems with copyrights, however. With so many voices involved in production of a new idea, it is more difficult than ever to pin down exactly who should receive credit for it.
Some scholars believe that the storage of documents as disembodied electronic signals will gradually alter the structure of knowledge. “Manuscripts” will increasingly be “live”, changing from day to day as the author returns to the computer and other scholars offer their comments in the margins. It will be possible to update and massage（篡改） documents without increased cost, so that — in some fields, at least — the notion of a bound book could become obsolete. Even the idea of authorship could change.
In the long run, the new information technologies may fundamentally alter creativity itself. Nowadays, much of the process of scholarship — the testing of an idea and the subsequent peer commentary — takes place in private; only the publication of a final manuscript is a public event.
Then, what about scientific journals? At a wider level, there seems to be growing acknowledgement that the main of journals in future will be to provide research papers with a guarantee of quality and added editorial value — in terms of making science more readable, and placing it within a wider perspective for example — while their traditional role as a distribution outlet will become less important.
11. By “scholarly skywriting”, the author means scholars _______.
A) get new ideas from discussions through electronic networks
B) have their scientific papers openly published on the Net
C) are free to express their ideas on the line
D) create, polish and publish their ideas on the line
12. “Scholarly skywriting” has all the following advantages except _______.
A) avoidance of copyright trouble
B) swift transmission of thought
C) utilization of the wisdom of other individuals
D) easy updating of manuscripts
13. According to the passage, it can be concluded that _______.
A) electronic publishing will eventually take the place of traditional journals
B) the process of scholarship will change greatly in a world of electric networks
C) electronic publishing is becoming the predominant means of scholarly communication
D) scholarly skywriting will be the most important skill for most scientists
14. According to the passage, scientific journals _______.
A) have lost their prominent position in the research community
B) will still play their due role in publishing research papers
C) will fail to keep scientific knowledge up-to-date
D) will become obsolete with the development of “scholarly skywriting”
15. From the passage we learn that ______.
A) scholarship will be a sheer private communication among scholars
B) the authorship will have to be shared by many collaborators in the world
C) scholarly writing can be a public event with the involvement of many scholars
D) scholarly writing can be a dynamic process and it will be more difficult to have a final result
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Ever since Darwin’s theory of evolution, biologists have assumed that environments teeming with complex forms of life served as the nurseries of evolution. But two recent papers in Science magazine have turned that notion on its head. Last month some biologists reported that in the ocean it is the relatively barren areas that serve as “evolutionary crucibles(熔炉),” not regions with great diversity of species. Other researchers announced this summer that the Arctic, not the rain forest, spawned many plants and animals that later migrated to North America. Says John Sepkoski of the University of Chicago, “Harsh environments may be producing the major changes in the history of life.”
These “changes” do not result merely in a longer tail or a bigger claw for an existing species but, rather, in dramatic leaps up the evolutionary ladder — a rare innovation that comes along once in a million years. In the Arctic, reports Leo Hickey of Yale University, the innovations ran to forms never before seen on earth. By dating fossils from many geologic layers, he concluded that large grazing animals first appeared in the Arctic and migrated to temperate places a couple of million years or so later. Among plants, species of redwood and birch originated in polar regions some 18 millions years before they showed up in the south. Examining fossils as old as 570 million years, Chicago’s Sepkoski found that shell-less, soft-bodied creatures were suddenly replaced by trilobites（三叶虫）, then by the more advanced clam-like animals. These changes, he notes, “first become common near shore.” That surprised him — an environment with as few species as exist in the near shore, and with such a poor record of producing new species, seems an unlikely place for biological innovation. But when Jablonski dated fossils of 100 million years ago, he found that during this era, too, the near shore spawned biological breakthroughs — more sophisticated sea creatures that move and find food in ocean sediments instead of passively filtering whatever floats by.
The findings are too new to apply to human evolution, but at first glance they seem to fit the facts. Anthropologists believe that our ancestors became fully human only after they left their secure life in the trees for the harsh world of savanna (plain without trees). There, the demanding conditions triggered that most human of traits, the large brain, and the most profound evolutionary step of all was taken.
16. Two recent papers in Science magazine claim to have found evidence which contradicts the traditional notion that _______.
A) relatively harsh environments are the

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